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| 1795 |
| | | Mungo Park sets off on his first expedition to explore the Niger on behalf of the African Association | |
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| 1809 |
| | | The Fulani establish a capital at Sokoto, from which they dominate the Hausa kingdoms of northern Nigeria | |
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| 1830 |
| | | Richard Lander and his brother John explore the lower reaches of the Niger, proving that the great river is navigable | |
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| 1832 |
| | | The paddle steamer Alburkah becomes the first ocean-going iron ship, completing the journey from England to the Niger | |
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| c. 1841 |
| | | Britain sends four naval ships up the river Niger to make anti-slavery treaties with local kings | |
|  | Anti-slavery treaty with African chiefs
National Archives, Kew
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| 1854 |
| | | William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Lagos, on the coast of Nigeria, is annexed as a British colony when the royal family prove unable or unwilling to end the slave trade | |
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| 1879 |
| | | George Goldie and British traders on the Niger form the United African Company (later the Royal Niger Company) to consolidate their interests | |
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| 1900 |
| | | The British government assumes direct responsibility for the entire region of Nigeria, previously entrusted to a commercial company | |
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| 1914 |
| | | British rule is consolidated in Nigeria by the merging of north and south as a single colony | |
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